Next the lecture taught us about the conversation process:
1. Opening – First step in conversation. For example, "Hello."
2. Feedforward – The second step of conversation, to open the channels of communication. For example “it is a nice day, isn’t?”.
2) preview future message “Hey, I have some good news”.
3. Business – The third stage and the ‘message’ portion.
4. Feedback – The fourth stage and response stage. “I understand what you're saying”.
5. Closing – The last stage. Most people say “goodbye!”
Then we learn about principles of conversation. There are three types which are principle of turn taking, principle of dialogue and principle of immediacy. Principle of turn taking is the conversation exchange of roles of between a speaker and listener, it can be consider as an exchanges of cues which it is called the conversational turns.
The picture above are the principles of turn taking. The first one which is turn maintaining are used by speaker. It is used to maintain the conversation with the listener, for example using eye contact or paralanguage. Then next there is the Turn yielding. Turn yielding are also used by speaker but this action occur when the speaker are done talking and they want to listen or wants to know the feedback, the speaker will give a gesture or giving some cues like "what do you think?" Furthermore, there is turn requesting. It is used by listener, when they wants to speak or to give feedback. The listener will gives a sign like butting in conversation or gives a sign that they wants to talk. Lastly, there is turn-denying. Turn denying are used by listener, this is to indicate that the listener is not responsive for example, shaking his head or not paying attention.
After that, we learn about the everyday conversation which we use everyday, this includes small talks, excuses and apologies, complimenting and advice. In our daily life we use excuses and apologies a lot. There are a few types of excuses that we use everyday which are the etiquette to maintain for excuses:
1. I Didn’t do it : This is when you strongly decline that you did it
2. It wasn’t so bad : Mid to neutral stand. You will tend to make the situation from worst to bad or neutral.
3. Yes, but : This is when you admitted that your wrong but you are still defensive towards your involvement
Beside the etiquette of excuse there are also etiquette for apologies. This is to maintain an open position and apologize if you are in the wrong. For example you say what you did like you really mean it. Then there is the etiquette of compliments. There are two types of compliments which is qualified compliment and unqualified compliment. For qualified compliment are used to praises someone who really justifies the words. For example someone who score very for a certain behaviours or intentions. For example, you told your teacher that she is very beautiful just because you want some tips from her it is not because that she is really beautiful. Besides that, there are also complimenting and advice, everyone will have two options when they receives compliments, which is denial and acceptance. For example, people who says your welcome or thank you, or even smile with you are consider as acceptance. Then for denial, if you think that she is beautiful and you told her that she is beautiful but she denied it and said she looks terrible, that is denial. Further more, there are also a few types of advices, this is also called meta-advices. The first one is explore options this is to advise others to seek out alternatives. For example, your friend never bought a car before, how will you advice her? Next, there is the expert advice or called second opinion. This is to advise others to emphasize or de-emphasize their beliefs and inclinations. (For example, your friend having a high fever, how would you advice him? Then there is the delay decision, this is too delay his or her decision, they wait for others to act. For example, your friend has two weeks to decide whether to go out with his family or friends, how would you advice?
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